ABSTRACT
Introduction: Care bundles help healthcare professionals provide the best care possible in a structured and reliable way. The purpose of this study was to develop and apply an instrument for inpatient follow-up by clinical pharmacists, and evaluate its results. Methods: The care bundle was based on previously validated instruments. Population consisted of patients monitored by clinical pharmacists at a general hospital. The study was conducted in two phases: the first involved the development and implementation of the bundle, and the evaluation of pharmaceutical interventions; the second involved analyzing data from patients treated with the bundle over one year. Results: The bundle included fourteen pharmaceutical follow-up criteria used in different patterns by each area of care. In the first phase of the study, 3263 patients were monitored and 536 pharmaceutical interventions were performed, with an 85.3% compliance rate. In the second phase of the study, follow-up data was collected from 21,214 patients. The bundle criteria were used in a similar way in clinical, surgical and cancer patients. Pharmacotherapy review was the most prevalent intervention in all cases (60.1%). Hospital discharge planning and medication reconciliation were performed with a similar frequency in clinical, surgical, pediatric and general patients. Conclusions: The development and validation of a bundle aimed at guiding the clinical activities of pharmacists helped standardize procedures and interventions. Pharmacotherapy review was the bundle criterion with the highest rate of application and interventions due to the hospital's complexity and the need to consider individual patient needs and follow institutional policies. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmaceutical Services , Continuity of Patient Care , Patient Care Bundles , Medication AdherenceABSTRACT
Introdução: Neutropenia é um forte fator de risco para infecção. A prevalência de bactérias Gramnegativas diminuiu no início da década de 90 e a frequência de bactérias Gram-positivas aumentou em 55 a 70% em todos os episódios de bacteremia. Porém, mais recentemente, infecções por bactéria Gram-negativas ressurgiram. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever os achados microbiológicos em uma coorte de pacientes neutropênicos febris em um hospital terciário de ensino do sul do Brasil.Metodologia: Estudo coorte para avaliação da implementação de um protocolo clínico para o tratamento de pacientes neutropênicos febris. Foram incluídos prospectivamente pacientes com neutropenia febril (NF) admitidos entre janeiro de 2004 e dezembro de 2005 no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Controles históricos foram selecionados de visitas de pacientes entre março de 2001 e abril de 2003 ou antes do protocolo clínico ter sido implementado.Resultados: Nos períodos do estudo de 2004-2005 e 2001-2003, foram documentados 164 e 159 patógenos, respectivamente. Em 93 de 190 episódios (48,9%) e 84 de 193 episódios (43,5%) foram documentadas infecções microbiológicas.
Infecções fúngicas foram documentadas em poucos episódios (6,1 e 5,7%). Observou-se uma prevalência de 52,8% de bactérias Gram-positivas e 47,2% de bactérias Gram-negativas no período de 2001-2003. No período de 2004-2005, foram observadas 38,1% de bactérias Gram-positivas e 61,9% de bactérias Gram-negativas (P=0,012).Também houve um aumento significativo da prevalência de Pseudomonas aeruginosa no segundo período de estudo (1,9 para 11,6%; P<0,001). Em 2004-2005, seis isolados eram multirresistentes(31,6%). A prevalência de Staphylococcus resistente à oxacilina foi de 53,5 e 65,8% nos primeiros e segundos períodos, respectivamente (P=0,23).Conclusão: Os patógenos documentados neste estudo são os mais comuns em pacientes neutropênicos febris, mas a emergência de Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistente a multidrogas é uma preocupação.
Background: Neutropenia is a major risk factor for infection. The prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria decreased in the early nineties, while the frequency of Gram-positive bacteria increased from between 55 to 70% of all bacteremia episodes. Even more recently there has been a resurgence of Gram-negative infections. The aim of this report is to describe the microbiological findings in a cohort of febrile neutropenic patients in a tertiary teaching hospital of Southern Brazil.Methods: This was a cohort study designed to evaluate the implementation ofa clinical protocol for treatment of febrile neutropenic patients. Prospectively included in our study were patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) admitted between January 2004 and December 2005 at the Hospital de Clínicas of Porto Alegre.Historical controls were selected from patient visits recorded between March 2001 and April 2003 - or recorded before the clinical protocol was introduced.Results: During the 2004-2005 and 2001-2003 study periods, 164 and 159 pathogens were documented, respectively. In 93 of 190 episodes (48.9%), and 84 of 193 episodes (43.5%) there were documented microbiological infections. Fungal infection was documented in very few episodes (6.1 vs. 5.7%).
We also observed a 52.8% prevalence of Gram-positive and a 47.2% prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria in the 2001-2003 period. Observed in the 2004-2005 period were 38.1%Gram-positive and 61.9% Gram-negative bacteria (P=0.012). There was also a significant increase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevalence in the second study period (1.9 to 11.6%; P<0.001). Six isolates (31.6%) were discovered to be multiresistant in the 2004-2005 period versus none in the first period. The prevalence of Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus was 53.5 and 65.8% in the first and secondperiods, respectively (P=0.23).Conclusion: These documented pathogens are the most commonly observed in febrile neutropenic patients, but the emergence of multidrug-resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa is of some concern.
Subject(s)
Drug Resistance , Epidemiology , Fever , Microbiology , Neutropenia , Pseudomonas , StaphylococcusABSTRACT
Introdução: As interações fármaco-alimento (IFA) são definidas como alterações produzidas nos efeitos terapêuticos de um medicamento em razão da ingestão concomitante de alimento. Objetivo: Identificar prescrições médicas com possíveis IFA dos pacientes internados no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) e orientar o corpo clínico quanto aos horários adequados de administração dos medicamentos. Métodos: O estudo analisou, entre fevereiro e julho de 2006, 2.645 prescrições de pacientes adultos internados nas unidades clínicas e cirúrgicas do HCPA e que recebiam dieta oral. Resultados: Observou-se que 54,5% (1.442) das prescrições apresentavam potenciais IFA. Nesses casos, as equipes assistenciais recebiam, através de notificação em prontuário médico, informações sobre os medicamentos que necessitavam de intervalo de jejum para garantir sua máxima biodisponibilidade. Conclusão: A alta incidência de prescrições contendo medicamentos possíveis de interagir com os alimentos demonstra a necessidade de um sistema que disponibilize, sistematicamente, as orientações relacionadas à correta administração dos medicamentos.
Background: Drug-food interactions (DFI) are defined as alterations produced in the therapeutic effects of a drug due to concomitant food ingestion. Objective: To identify medical prescriptions with possible DFI in patients hospitalized at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) and to provide guidance to the clinical staff about the appropriate time for drug administration. Methods: Between February and July 2006, we analyzed 2,645 prescriptions of adult inpatients receiving oral diet. Results: We found that 54.5% (1,442) of the prescriptions had potential DFI. In such cases, the medical staff was receiving information about the drugs that needed a fasting interval to ensure maximum bioavailability by means of notifications in medical records. Conclusions: The high incidence of prescriptions with possible DFI shows the need for a system that provides systematic guidance regarding the adequate administration of drugs.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Drug Prescriptions , Diet Therapy/methods , Diet Therapy/standards , Diet Therapy , Food-Drug Interactions , Pharmacoepidemiology/methods , Pharmacoepidemiology/standards , Pharmacoepidemiology/trends , Pharmaceutical ServicesABSTRACT
Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever as atividades passivas realizadas por um Centro de Informações sobre Medicamentos (CIM) de hospital universitário no sul do Brasil. Resultados: de 2002 a 2008, o total de solicitações recebidas foi de 8035, das quais 30,3% foram realizadas por enfermeiros, 24,3% por farmacêuticos e 15% por técnicos de enfermagem. O tempo gasto para a resposta foi em 56,8% das vezes de até 10 minutos. Os temas mais solicitados foram administração de medicamentos (25,6%), identificação do produto (16,4%), posologia (10,6%) e estabilidade (9,6%). Conclusão: O CIM é uma estratégia na busca pelo uso seguro e racional de medicamentos nos hospitais.
Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the passive activities of Drug Information Center (DIC) of a university hospital in southern Brazil. Results: From 2002 to 2008, the total of requests was 8035, of which 30.3% were answered by nurses, 24.3% pharmacists and 15% technical nursing. The time spent to response was less than 10 minutes in 56.8%. The principal requests were about drug administration (25.6%), identification of the product (16.4%), dosage (10.6%) and stability (9.6%). Conclusion: The DIC is a strategy in the search for safe and rational use of drugs in hospitals.